Cytokine. Either way, since recombination and LGT are not rare in Wolbachia-host associations (Jiggins 2002, Malloch and Fenton 2005, Baldo et al. Wolbachia pipientis (Hertig) is an endosymbiotic microorganism widespread among arthropods and other invertebrate hosts, and employed in strategies to reduce the incidence of arthropod-borne diseases. Anantharaman D, Gheit T, Waterboer T, Abedi-Ardekani B, Carreira C, McKay-Chopin S, Gaborieau V, Marron M, Lagiou P, Ahrens W, Holctov I, Merletti F, Kjaerheim K, Talamini R, Simonato L, Castellsague X, Macfarlane TV, Biggs AM, Thakker N, Znaor A, Thomson P, Canova C, Conway DI, Healy CM, Tommasino M, Pawlita M, Brennan P. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001, De Oliveira et al. One of the clades in supergroup B contained only sequences from South American sand flies, and the other, from both Eurasian and South American sand flies and other hosts (Fig. Bone can thus be viewed as a mobilizable reservoir of calcium and phosphate as salts. Culi D, Schiappa R, Pace-Loscos T, Guelfucci B, Vergez S, Garrel R, Fakhry N, Dassonville O, Poissonnet G, Lallemant B, Sudaka A, Saada-Bouzid E, Benezery K, Temam S, Gorphe P, Chamorey E, Bozec A. J Clin Med. 2002, Kikuchi and Fukatsu 2003, Li et al. Erosions seen in conditions such as gout, osteomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis, are typically associated with inflammation in the joints. aSpecies implicated in transmission of Leishmania spp. By using this website, you agree to our . de Oliveira, C. D., D. S. Gonalves, L. A. Baton, P. H. Shimabukuro, F. D. Carvalho, and L. A. Moreira. Epub 2015 Oct 31. MeSH There are multiple mechanisms and interactions by which cytokines regulate bone resorption. flaviscutellata to 95.4% in Mi. Rozas, J., A. Ferrer-Mata, J. C. Snchez-DelBarrio, S. Guirao-Rico, P. Librado, S. E. Ramos-Onsins, and A. Snchez-Gracia. Costa, J. M. L., A. C. R. Saldanha, A. C. de M. e Silva, A. Serra Neto, C. E. S. Galvo, C. de M. P. e Silva, and A. R. da Silva. Pfeilschifter J: Role of cytokines in postmenopausal bone loss. They are key regulators of bone remodelling and are essential for the development and activation of osteoclasts. 2003, 23: 15-39. This would contribute, together with the age-related systemic low-grade inflammation, to the increasing incidence of osteoporosis during senescence. wComp was named after Psychodopygus complexus, and is closely related to a strain identified in the Eurasian sand fly Sergentomyia minuta (Rondani) (Figs. antunesi (Coutinho) (Azpurua et al. The interspecific prevalence variation in our sample may result from differences in biological and/or ecological features among species, leading to different patterns of association with Wolbachia (unequal sample sizes must be considered), as shown for other host groups (e.g., Kikuchi and Fukatsu 2003, Kittayapong et al. 2015, da Rocha et al. 2008). Moschen AR, Kaser A, Enrich B, Ludwiczek O, Gabriel M, Obrist P, Wolf AM, Tilg H: The RANKL/OPG system is activated in inflammatory bowel disease and relates to the state of bone loss. PubMed Putative cases of superinfection (i.e., an individual carrying sequences from more than one strain or supergroup) were identified by inspecting manually sequences with overlapping peaks in discriminatory nucleotide positions for both supergroups A and B in the DNA-sequencing electropherogram. Osteoporosis is currently attributed to various endocrine, metabolic and mechanical factors. Importance Control. Both the haplotype network (Supp Fig. Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors: A Developmental Perspective Moreover, activated T cells directly express and produce RANKL that induces osteoclast formation and activation through its specific receptor [28, 35]. Grupo de Pesquisa em Gentica Animal (Geneal), Departamento de Biologia (DEBio), Universidade Federal do Maranho (UFMA), Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, So Lus, Maranho, Laboratrio de Entomologia e Vetores (LEV), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranho, Avenida dos Portugueses. Ershler W, Harman SM, Keller ET: Immunologic aspects of osteoporosis. complexus) is evolutionarily close to a sequence of the Eurasian sand fly Sergentomyia minuta, from France (Matsumoto et al. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. There exists an intimate interplay between the bone and the immune system which has been termed osteoimmunology [3]. We identified Wolbachia DNA in 12 out of 18 sand fly species (66.7%). Bone loss in RA occurs both in the joints and throughout the skeleton as a result of the release of proteinases (metalloproteinases) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-), which are responsible for cartilage and bone destruction. minuta (1.3%; Supp Table 4 [online only]) is higher than the divergence between other close (but distinct) strains (e.g., wLcay versus wLeva = 1%). Methods: Sand fly vectors of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil, Survival of Wolbachia pipientis in cell-free medium, The fauna of phlebotomines (Diptera, Psychodidae) in different phytogeographic regions of the state of Maranho, Brazil, Molecular detection of Wolbachia pipientis in natural populations of sandfly vectors of Leishmania infantum in endemic areas: first detection in Lutzomyia longipalpis, Heatwaves cause fluctuations in wMel Wolbachia densities and frequencies in Aedes aegypti, Properties of Drosophila simulans strains experimentally infected by different clones of the bacterium Wolbachia, DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data sets, Occurrence of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) in urban leishmaniasis transmission foci in North-Eastern Brazil, Psychodopygus complexus, a new vector of Leishmania braziliensis to humans in para state, Brazil, Natural Leishmania (Viannia) spp. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by low bone mass and increased bone fragility, putting patients at risk of fractures, which are major causes of morbidity substantially in older people. 2000, 408: 600-5. Klasson, L., Z. Kambris, P. E. Cook, T. Walker, and S. P. Sinkins. Pfeilschifter J, Koditz R, Pfohl M, Schatz H: Changes in proinflammatory cytokine activity after menopause. TRAF6-deficient mice lack osteoclasts and concomitantly have defects in cytokine production and T cell stimulation [39]. Human papillomaviruses in head and neck carcinomas. 2000, 39: 85-9. GCTs make up about 3% of malignancies in children aged 0-18 and nearly 15% of cancers in adolescents. Species previously implicated as Wolbachia hosts were also positive, such as Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes and Coutinho) and Ny. As for Caatinga, larger sampling efforts will be needed to characterize the association between the native sand flies and Wolbachia. Disclaimer. Immunity & Ageing 2016, Leo et al. PubMed Central Endocr Rev. Molecular evidence suggests an ancient radiation for the fairy shrimp The development of molecular techniques has empowered us to unscramble the fungal diversity comprised in the symbiosis and has facilitated us to overcome the difficulties associated with the conventional . Distinct risk factor profiles for human papillomavirus type 16-positive and human papillomavirus type 16-negative head and neck cancers. N Engl J Med. Insect communities from distinct environments can differ regarding their interactions with Wolbachia, having more or less opportunities to transmission. We followed the terminology proposed by Marcondes (2007) for generic and subgeneric abbreviations. Lia Ginaldi. Correspondence to In support of this hypothesis it has been demonstrated that certain IL-6 polymorphisms are able to influence the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women [49]. Manolagas SC, Jilka RL: Bone marrow, cytokines, and bone remodeling. 10.1016/S0889-8561(02)00056-5. longipalpis, similarly to a population in the state of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil (da Rocha et al. "It suggests that hominins using stone . Bichromomyia flaviscutellata is the vector of Leishmania amazonensis (the causative agent of Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis), both widely distributed in Brazil, including in the state of Maranho (Costa et al. 2). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Evidence of common descent - Wikipedia These RANK associated molecules, through downstream pathways such as NF-kB, JNK/SAPK, p38 and Akt/PKB, regulate bone resorption, activation, survival, and differentiation of osteoclasts and dendritic cells. However, the interpretation of the formula remains uncertain. 10.1073/pnas.1531903100. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Publications - Allison T. Karp . 2018) or few individuals from distinct populations (e.g., Ono et al. Wu H, Arron JR: TRAF6, a molecular bridge spanning adaptive immunity, innate immunity and osteoimmunology. 2005, 31: 251-257. The activity of immune cells affects the balance of bone mineralization and resorption carried out by the opposing actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts [37]. Fleury, F., F. Vavre, N. Ris, P. Fouillet, and M. Boultreau. Substantial molecular evidence suggests a role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma, but epidemiologic data have been inconsistent. In inflammatory or autoimmune disease states, activated T cells produce RANKL and pro-inflammatory cytokines, all of which can induce RANKL expression in osteoblasts [40]. Or, see other collocations with evidence . C-reactive protein (CRP) production in the liver is upregulated by IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-, and is regarded as a sensitive marker of systemic inflammation [17, 18]. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Molecules that regulate osteoclastogenesis are key factors in many immunological functions. 2002, 23: 90-119. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. molecular adjective uk / mlek.j.l r/ us / mlek.j.l / 10.1016/j.cyto.2004.12.008. Open Access We identified the insects according to Young and Duncan (1994) and Galati (2018), but using the taxonomic proposal of the latter author. Mrquez, L. M., M. Lampo, M. Rinaldi, and P. Lau. whitmani (from the state of Bahia, Brazil) and Pa. shannoni (from Colombia) (Ono et al. statement and intermedia and Ny. Day, M. Riegler, et al. To keep their vital functions in balance, many organisms use small snippets of . flaviscutellata and Ps. Molecular Evidence Suggests That Wolbachia pipientis (Rickettsiales All insects were available from the collection of the Laboratory of Entomology and Vectors (LEV, Federal University of Maranho UFMA) and the collection of the Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LABEM, State University of Maranho-UEMA). 1995, 332: 305-11. Rasgon, J. L., C. E. Gamston, and X. Ren. Some of the positive species were present only in Amazon (Pr. Clinical observations reveal coincidence of systemic osteoporosis with period of systemic inflammation as well as co-localization of regional osteoporosis with areas of regional inflammation [2]. Human DNA is approximately 98.4% identical to that of chimpanzees when comparing single nucleotide polymorphisms . Curr Opin Rheumatol. The .gov means its official. Chap. 19 Org. Bio. Flashcards - Learning tools, flashcards, and Intriguingly, RANKL and RANK also play essential roles in the formation of a lactating mammary gland in pregnancy. 2017), we show evidence of wLeva occurring in, at least, three more species: Mg. rabelloi, Pr. The activation of the inducible NO synthesis (iNOS) pathway by cytokines, such as IL-1 and TNF-, inhibits osteoblast function in vitro and stimulates osteoblast apoptosis [33]. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian reconstructions, using Ateles paniscus as an outgroup, showed that (1) A. fusciceps and A. geoffroyi form two different monophyletic groups and (2) currently recognized subspecies of A. geoffroyi are not monophyletic. Department of Internal Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy, Lia Ginaldi,Maria Cristina Di Benedetto&Massimo De Martinis, You can also search for this author in Gillison ML, D'Souza G, Westra W, Sugar E, Xiao W, Begum S, Viscidi R. J Natl Cancer Inst. As a result, disease activity is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis in RA [20]. 10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064753. Int J Med Sci. Municipalities and their abbreviations: Baro de Graja (BG), Barreirinhas (Ba), Buriticupu (Bu), Caxias (Ca), Itinga do Maranho (IM), So Jos de Ribamar (SJR), So Lus (SL). Solved 1. Molecular evidence suggests that ______. (a) - Chegg - Get 24 peresi. J Natl Med Assoc. When our wsp sequences were analyzed with those from NCBI GenBank (Supp Table 2 [online only]), we observed four main clades, two for each supergroup (Fig. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. [7] This name derivation by Barton and Castle seems to have been arrived at independently by a modern horticulturalist, David Bassett, who also gives a detailed account of his experiences in growing this species.[8]. 50) Molecular evidence suggests that fungi A) Are a distant relative of early nonvascular plants B) Are a unique phyla separate from both plants and animals C) Share a common ancestor with animals D) Are a polyphyletic group with organisms related to both plants and animals 30) are preventative preparations that first went into effect in the lat. However, we were unable to assess pseudogenization for the wsp sequences from Mg. rabelloi, Pr. Plants, fungi, and animals evolved from protist ancestors. Molecular evidence suggests that protists include several different lineages and therefore is not a kingdom, hence the use of supergroups for classification. Species may share similar physical features because the feature was present in a common ancestor ( homologous structures ). Thus, we show that wLeva might also occurs in Cerrado, expanding its known range beyond Western South America. Many cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-, IL-1, are elevated during senescence and play direct roles in the pathogenesis of these diseases [45]. 2015). The Sequence Manipulation Suite: JavaScript Programs - BioTechniques An epidemiologic study enrolled 100 hospitalized patients with newlydiagnosed oropharyngeal cancer and 200 hospitalized patients without oropharyngeal cancer(controls). whitmani (Young and Duncan 1994). 2007, Aikawa et al. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Preacher KJ, MacCallum RC, Atkinson C, Malarkey WB, Glaser R: Chronic stress and age-related increases in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. 32 molecular evidence suggests a role for human - Course Hero Those findings increase the basic knowledge about Wolbachia in South American sand flies and might foster further researches on its use to reduce the transmission of sand fly-borne parasites. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. ], Super-infections of Wolbachia in byturid beetles and evidence for genetic transfer between A and B super-groups of Wolbachia, A proposal of Generic and subgeneric abbreviations for Phlebotomine Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) of the world, Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern, Gene flow between natural and domestic populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a restricted focus of American visceral leishmaniasis in Venezuela, First detection of Wolbachia spp., including a new genotype, in sand flies collected in Marseille, France, Assessment of PCR in the detection of Leishmania spp in experimentally infected individual phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), A Wolbachia symbiont in Aedes aegypti limits infection with dengue, Chikungunya, and Plasmodium, Tropical tephritid fruit fly community with high incidence of shared Wolbachia strains as platform for horizontal transmission of endosymbionts, Wolbachia pseudogenes and low prevalence infections in tropical but not temperate Australian tephritid fruit flies: manifestations of lateral gene transfer and endosymbiont spillover? choti, and Ps. Molecular evidence suggests that protists include several different lineages and therefore is not a kingdom, hence the use of supergroups for classification. Molecular 'hub' regulates gene-silencing proteins. Ferrari SL, Ahn-Luong L, Garnero P, Humphries SE, Greenspan SL: Two promoter polymorphisms regulating interleukin-6 gene expression are associated with circulating levels of C-reactive protein and markers of bone resorption in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. Morrow, J. L., M. Frommer, J. E. Royer, D. C. A. Shearman, and M. Riegler. 10.1210/er.23.1.90. Ancient Greeks also called the plant (phthiroctonon, "louse killer") because of its use in traditional medicine to kill lice. 2005, 579: 2035-2039. 10.1210/jc.2002-020092. Distribution of Wolbachia DNA in sand flies from three neotropical biomes. Here we aimed to investigate, through a DNA-based approach, the prevalence, geographical distribution, and the putative strains of Wolbachia associated with sand flies from three adjacent biomes in South America. 10.1038/35046102. Search for other works by this author on: Longicorn beetle that vectors pinewood nematode carries many Wolbachia genes on an autosome, The wMel strain of wolbachia reduces transmission of Zika virus by Aedes aegypti, Lutzomyia sand fly diversity and rates of infection by Wolbachia and an exotic Leishmania species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, Widespread recombination throughout Wolbachia genomes, Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies, Phylogeny of Wolbachia in filarial nematodes, Host-specific Wolbachia strains in widespread populations of Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae), and prospects for driving genes into these vectors of Leishmania, BLAST: a more efficient report with usability improvements, Three strains of Wolbachia pipientis and high rates of infection in Iranian sandfly species, Discovery of a novel Wolbachia supergroup in isoptera, Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding the major surface protein of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis, The dispersion of Lutzomyia longipalpis in urban areas, Estado atual da leishmaniose cutnea difusa (LCD) no Estado do Maranho: II. We chose 16S and wsp since they represent most of the sequences of Wolbachia in the public databases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 31: 1698-1708. We assume wComp represents a putative new strain because its genetic divergence from Se. Am. Molecular evidence suggests that fungi - Pearson 2 and 3). IL-1 and TNF- may not only promote osteoclast generation, but they also appear to stimulate mature osteoclasts to perform more resorption cycles through modulation of RANKL activity. 1. Lerette, S., A. Aisenberg, F. G. Costa, J. R. Sotelo-Silveira, and L. Bidegaray-Batista. Haugeberg G, Lodder MC, Lems WF, Uhlig T, Orstavik RE, Dijkmans BA, Kvien TK, Woolf AD: Hand cortical bone mass and its associations with radiographic joint damage and fractures in 5070 year old female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: cross sectional Oslo-Truro-Amsterdam (OSTRA) collaborative study. Molecular biology. evandroi (1.76% of the positive individuals) showed evidence of superinfection at 16S (Supp Fig. Mastering Biology Chapter 31 Fungi Flashcards | Quizlet Bordbar, A., S. Soleimani, F. Fardid, M. R. Zolfaghari, and P. Parvizi. 1995b, Werren and Windsor 2000, Kikuchi and Fukatsu 2003), suggesting this phenomenon may be rare in sand flies. Moreover, RANKL stimulates bone resorbing activity in mature osteoclasts via RANK. Staphisagria macrosperma - Wikipedia 2005, 26: 79-84. Palaeogeography. chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas are more closely related to humans than they are to orangutans or gibbons 283. : Bi. Arthritis Rheum. choti, Ps. Privacy molecular evidence collocation | meaning and examples of use molecular evidence collocation in English meanings of molecular and evidence These words are often used together. 2010), which could favor contact among different populations and even other hosts, providing more opportunities to horizontal transmission. Multiple sources of information, such as multi-loci approaches, genomics, and immunofluorescent assays, could unveil if these sand fly species carry live endosymbionts or just genomic vestiges of Wolbachia. 2000, 408: 535-6. Google Scholar. 2007). Evidence for large-scale evolution ( macroevolution) comes from anatomy and embryology, molecular biology, biogeography, and fossils. Human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer. 10.1097/01.bor.0000127824.42507.68. 10.1136/ard.2003.015065. 2023 May 5;12(9):1323. doi: 10.3390/cells12091323. In addition, we included the sequences most similar to ours (more than 99% of similarity). Arron JR, Choi Y: Bone versus immune system. Molecular evidence suggests radical revision of species limits in the great speciator white-eye genus Zosterops Molecular evidence suggests radical revision of species limits in the great speciator white-eye genus Zosterops Authors: Bryan T. M. Lim Keren Sadanandan Max Planck Institute for Ornithology. PubMed N Engl J Med. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2003, 1: 53-8. Lancet. N Engl J Med. 2008, Moreira et al. An epidemiologic study enrolled 100 hospitalized patients with newly diagnosed oropharyngeal cancer and 200 hospitalized patients without oropharyngeal cancer. A. Jeffery, G. Lu, A. T. Pyke, L. M. Hedges, B. C. Rocha, S. Hall-Mendelin, A. TGF released from bone during active bone resorption has been suggested as a feedback mechanism by upregulating OPG level. peresi, Ny. 2001, Brazil 2013). Boratyn, G. M., C. Camacho, P. S. Cooper, G. Coulouris, A. Fong, N. Ma, T. L. Madden, W. T. Matten, S. D. McGinnis, Y. Merezhuk, et al. The supergroup A occurred in all biomes, with a higher prevalence in Cerrado (95.3%) and Caatinga (100%, although only one species was sampled in this biome), and a lower prevalence in Amazon (37.5%). J Clin Invest. Dunning Hotopp, J. C., M. E. Clark, D. C. Oliveira, J. M. Foster, P. Fischer, M. C. Muoz Torres, J. D. Giebel, N. Kumar, N. Ishmael, S. Wang, et al. 6 . Two of the four wsp-based strains detected in our samples (wWhi and wLeva) are already known for South American sand flies (Ono et al. The decline in ovarian function is associated with decreased OPG production and spontaneous increases in proinflammatory and pro-osteoclastic cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-, and IL-1 [32, 52, 53]. complexus) suggest its 16S gene underwent either homolog recombination or LGT. government site. Wallin R, Wajih N, Greenwood GT, Sane DC: Arterial calcification: a review of mechanisms, animal models, and the prospects for therapy. Nodes show posterior probability values. whitmani) and ftsZ (Ps. intermedia (Lutz and Neiva), both vectors of Leishmania braziliensis (causative agent of Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis); Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva) (vector of L. infantum chagasi); Ps. The 300 patients studied -plesse chick on Submit QUIZ for Grading button for submitting your answers. The sequence of wComp (from Ps. n.(Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) da regio do Vale do Ribeira, Estado de So Paulo, Brasil, New Wolbachia supergroups detected in quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae), Wolbachia introduction into Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) cell lines and its effects on immune-related gene expression and interaction with Leishmania infantum, Environmental and genetic contributions to imperfect wMel-Like wolbachia transmission and frequency variation, BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT, Wolbachia and virus protection in insects, High-resolution melting technology: a new tool for studying the Wolbachia endosymbiont diversity in the field, MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees, Long PCR improves Wolbachia DNA amplification: wsp sequences found in 76% of sixty-three arthropod species, The rate of recombination in Wolbachia bacteria, The spread of Wolbachia through mosquito populations, Maternal transmission of Wolbachia in Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli), Diversity of Wolbachia endosymbionts in heteropteran bugs, A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences, Maternal transmission efficiency of Wolbachia superinfections in Aedes albopictus populations in Thailand, Distribution and diversity of Wolbachia infections in Southeast Asian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), Horizontal gene transfer between Wolbachia and the mosquito Aedes aegypti, MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets, Vertical stratification of sand fly diversity in relation to natural infections of Leishmania sp.